However, within the food industry, the word has come to have a particular association with extortion, blackmail, and deliberate attempt to damage the safety or palatability of a food product, and/or to undermine the reputation and commercial viability of the food manufacturer. Masters, in Encyclopedia of Food Safety, 2014 Introductionīy dictionary definition, tampering could be considered as any act of meddling or interfering with any given item. However, American companies and individuals produce ransom and negotiate through intermediaries hired by insurers.Į. government has a policy of not paying ransom. Government no-ransom pronouncements are often followed by denials that a ransom was paid to free a hostage. Unfortunately, in certain regions, a portion of ransom payments goes to police or security officials. In the United States, Phoenix, Arizona, is the kidnapping capital. ![]() What was once a problem concentrated in Latin America has become a global criminal enterprise. These policies cover executives, their families, expenses for a crisis management team, ransom money during delivery to extortionists, and corporate negligence during negotiations, among other areas of coverage.Īlthough accurate statistics are difficult to compile, Zuccarello (2011) reports that the number of reported kidnappings worldwide is growing, with estimates of 12,500 to 25,000 annually. corporations with overseas executives are especially interested in this coverage. During the 1970s, an upsurge in domestic and international kidnappings and terrorism created a need for this form of insurance. Purpura, in Security and Loss Prevention (Sixth Edition), 2013 Kidnapping and Extortion InsuranceĪnother form of crime insurance covers losses from a ransom paid in a kidnapping or through extortion. ![]() One may be a victim of extortion both in instances in which one is free to act on one’s own behalf and in instances in which one has acquired duties to act on the behalf of one’s employer. One can only be bribed if one is acting as an agent for another, but this is not a necessary condition for being a victim of extortion. Yet another difference is that whereas bribery always involves the subversion of role duties, extortion does not. ![]() On the other hand, extortion may involve failing to fulfill one’s duties to one’s employer, as in the case of an employee such as a night watchman who under threat does not perform his duties to his employer by allowing the building he is guarding to be burgled. For example, an employee told by a corrupt inspector that a shipment of goods will not be passed unless the inspector receives an expensive ‘gift’ might justifiably regard himself as a loyal agent of his employer in acceding to the inspector’s demands, even though he, in his role as agent of his employer, is a victim of extortion. One cannot accept a bribe and remain a loyal employee, but it is possible to suffer extortion yet remain a loyal employee. Adopting a metaphor, we can say that bribery resembles adultery, whereas extortion resembles rape.Īnother difference is that bribery essentially involves the alienation of agency, but extortion does not. We do not speak of the person receiving a bribe as a victim, but we would describe someone as a victim of extortion. One is that whereas bribery involves the willing participation of the person bribed, extortion involves unwilling participation under duress. This understanding of bribery allows us to distinguish instances of bribery from instances of extortion. Larmer, in Encyclopedia of Applied Ethics (Second Edition), 2012 Bribery distinguished from extortion
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